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摘要：【目的】掌握廣西荔浦河鱼类群落结构组成及其时空变化规律，为其鱼类多样性保护、河流生态健康评估和管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2017年1月（冬季）、4月（春季）、7月（夏季）和10月（秋季）分别对广西荔浦河11个采样点进行鱼样采集，利用相对重要性指数（IRI）确定优势物种，并采用无度量多维排序（NMDS）对鱼类群落结构的时空变化进行分析。【结果】4次采样共渔获鱼类21192尾，隶属于6目17科62属94种，其中鲤科、鳅科、虾虎鱼科、平鳍鳅科和鲿科分别占总物种数的50.00%、9.57%、6.38%、5.32%和5.32%，但低于50 g/尾的鱼类占总渔获物数量的98.06%。广西荔浦河鱼类全年优势种有宽鳍鱲（Zacco platypus）、马口鱼（Opsariichthys bidens）、伍氏半䱗（Hemiculterella wui）和鲤（Cyprinus carpio），不同季节存在不同的优势种，春季的优势种为宽鳍鱲、马口鱼和美丽小条鳅（Traccatichthys pulcher），夏季为宽鳍鱲、伍氏半䱗和大眼华鳊（Sinibrama macrops），冬季为宽鳍鱲和鲤，其中宽鳍鱲为四季的优势种。广西荔浦河鱼类群落结构的季节性变化差异不显著（P>0.05），但空间变化差异显著（P<0.05），表现为自支流到干流鱼类群落结构逐渐发生变化。【结论】广西荔浦河鱼类小型化趋势加重，且鱼类群落结构在空间尺度上变化明显，主要与鱼类自身生物学特征、区域地理环境及人类活动密切相关。因此，有关部门应立即采取相应措施减缓人类活动对河流鱼类的影响，通过加大保护宣传力度、设置禁渔期、恢复鱼类生境等，更好地保护广西荔浦河的鱼类多样性。
关键词： 鱼类;群落结构;优势种;体长—体重关系;广西荔浦河
中图分类号： S932.4 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2019）05-1111-09
Abstract：【Objective】Structure， spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages in Lipu River， Guangxi were studied to provide a scientific basis for fish diversity conservation，management and evaluation of river’s ecological health. 【Method】Fish were captured from 11 sampling sites in Lipu River in January（winter）， April（spring）， July（summer）， October（autumn） of 2017， and the dominant species were identified by index of relative importance（IRI）. Moreover， the spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages were studied by using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling （NMDS）. 【Result】The results showed that 21192 individuals were captured out of four samplings， which were identified to be 94 species， belonging to 62 genera， 17 families and 6 orders. The families Cyprinidea， Cobitidae， Gobiidae， Homalopteridae and Bagridae accounted for 50.00%， 9.57%， 6.38%， 5.32% and 5.32% of the total species， respectively. However， the fish whose the weight was under 50 g/ind accounted for 98.06% of the total. Zacco platypus，Opsariichthys bidens，Hemiculterella wui and Cyprinus carpio were the dominant species in Lipu River during the whole year， while di-fferent dominant species occurred in different seasons. Z. platypus， O.bidens and Traccatichthys pulcher were dominant species in spring， but those in summer were Z. platypus， H. wui and Sinibrama macrops， and those in winter were Z. platypus and Cyprinuscarpio. Z. platypus was the dominant species in four seasons. The seasonal variation of fish assemblages in Lipu River was not significant（P>0.05）， while the spatial variation of fish assemblages was significant（P<0.05）. The structure of fish assemblages changed from branch to main stream. 【Conclusion】The fish in Lipu River tend to be miniaturized， and spatial variation of fish assemblages is very obvious， which strongly relates to the biological characteristics of fish， regional geographical conditions and human activities. Therefore， some measures should be taken immediately by local government to alleviate the impact of human activities on fish， such as increasing the intensity of protection and publicity， setting a fishing ban and restoring habitats of fish， so as to protect the fish diversity in Lipu River.
